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On 12 July 1806, Napoleon created the Confederation of the Rhine; basically turning the Holy Roman Empire into a puppet-state of the French Empire. The people within the Confederation resisted French influence fiercely; to do so they began the first movements of a unified German nationalism to confirm the linguistic and cultural differences between themselves and their French occupiers. After the French Empire fell, the unification efforts created by Napoleon's puppet-state would eventually influence German Unification under Otto von Bismarck in 1871. |
On 12 July 1806, Napoleon created the Confederation of the Rhine; basically turning the Holy Roman Empire into a puppet-state of the French Empire. The people within the Confederation resisted French influence fiercely; to do so they began the first movements of a unified German nationalism to confirm the linguistic and cultural differences between themselves and their French occupiers. After the French Empire fell, the unification efforts created by Napoleon's puppet-state would eventually influence German Unification under Otto von Bismarck in 1871. |
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| − | Between 1807–14 Napoleon fought Spain and Portugal in The Peninsular War. The initial cause for the war was Napoleon retaliating against Portugal for refusing to embargo Great Britain. The Spanish monarchy was replaced by Napoleon's brother: Jose Bonaparte. The Spanish and Portuguese people were outraged and those still loyal to the previous Ferdinand VII of Spain led a guerrilla war that eventually removed French influence. However during this time the Spanish colonies were experiencing revolts; taking advantage of the chaos within the mainland. While the Spanish Empire attempted to crack down on these revolts even during Napoleonic occupation; this was the beginning of the end of the Spanish Empire. The most noticeable revolutionary was Simon Bolivar; who liberated or assisted the liberation of; Venezuela, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia (a nation that named itself after Bolivar) |
+ | Between 1807–14 Napoleon fought Spain and Portugal in The Peninsular War. The initial cause for the war was Napoleon retaliating against Portugal for refusing to embargo Great Britain. The Spanish monarchy was replaced by Napoleon's brother: Jose Bonaparte. The Spanish and Portuguese people were outraged and those still loyal to the previous Ferdinand VII of Spain led a guerrilla war that eventually removed French influence. However during this time the Spanish colonies were experiencing revolts; taking advantage of the chaos within the mainland. While the Spanish Empire attempted to crack down on these revolts even during Napoleonic occupation; this was the beginning of the end of the Spanish Empire. The most noticeable revolutionary was Simon Bolivar; who liberated or assisted the liberation of; Venezuela, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia (a nation that named itself after Bolivar). |
The French invasion of Russia in 1812 marked a turning point in Napoleon's fortunes. Like Portugal, Russia refused to maintain the embargo against the UK: Napoleon saw this as reason to invade Russia. His ''Grande Armée'' saw success on the battlefield, but the Russians maintained strategical advantages by committing to a scorched earth policy that exhausted Napoleon's troops. When Napoleon captured Moscow, the Russians burned their own city. Napoleon feared a new guerrilla war with the patriotic and merciless Russians and so retreated. In this retreat the Grande Armée was badly damaged in the campaign due to a typhus outbreak responsible for 90% of the fatalities (80,000). Desertion, famine, other diseases and hypothermia also contributed to these causalities. Napoleon invaded Russia with 685,000 troops, but left with only 10,000. In 1813, the Sixth Coalition defeat Napoleon's now devastated Grande Armée at Leipzig; the following year, the Coalition invaded France, forcing Napoleon to abdicate, and exiled him to the island of Elba. |
The French invasion of Russia in 1812 marked a turning point in Napoleon's fortunes. Like Portugal, Russia refused to maintain the embargo against the UK: Napoleon saw this as reason to invade Russia. His ''Grande Armée'' saw success on the battlefield, but the Russians maintained strategical advantages by committing to a scorched earth policy that exhausted Napoleon's troops. When Napoleon captured Moscow, the Russians burned their own city. Napoleon feared a new guerrilla war with the patriotic and merciless Russians and so retreated. In this retreat the Grande Armée was badly damaged in the campaign due to a typhus outbreak responsible for 90% of the fatalities (80,000). Desertion, famine, other diseases and hypothermia also contributed to these causalities. Napoleon invaded Russia with 685,000 troops, but left with only 10,000. In 1813, the Sixth Coalition defeat Napoleon's now devastated Grande Armée at Leipzig; the following year, the Coalition invaded France, forcing Napoleon to abdicate, and exiled him to the island of Elba. |
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