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The Second Boer War was one of the last failed revolts by Irish against the UK. From 1899 to 1902 a region of the colonial British territory of South Africa attempted to rebel against the UK. Many Irishmen joined both sides, but the idea that the Irish were willing to fight the British allowed a new movement for independence within Ireland.
 
The Second Boer War was one of the last failed revolts by Irish against the UK. From 1899 to 1902 a region of the colonial British territory of South Africa attempted to rebel against the UK. Many Irishmen joined both sides, but the idea that the Irish were willing to fight the British allowed a new movement for independence within Ireland.
   
The Irish Republican Army (IRA) (Irish: ''Óglaigh na hÉireann'') was an Irish republican revolutionary military organization, founded to liberate Ireland from the 800 years of discrimination, oppression and massacres by the English. It was descended from the Irish Volunteers, an organisation established on 25 November 1913 that staged the Easter Rising in April 1916. In 1919, the Irish Republic that had been proclaimed during the Easter Rising was formally established by an elected assembly (Dail Eireann), and the Irish Volunteers were recognized by Dail Eireann as its legitimate army. Thereafter, the IRA waged a guerrilla campaign against British rule in Ireland in the 1919-1921 Irish War of Independence.
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<p style="border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;margin-top:0.4em;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">The Irish Republican Army (IRA) (Irish: ''Óglaigh na hÉireann'') was an Irish republican revolutionary military organization, founded to liberate Ireland from the 800 years of discrimination, oppression and massacres by the English. It was descended from the Irish Volunteers, an organisation established on 25 November 1913 that staged the Easter Rising in April 1916. In 1919, the Irish Republic that had been proclaimed during the Easter Rising was formally established by an elected assembly (Dail Eireann), and the Irish Volunteers were recognized by Dail Eireann as its legitimate army. Thereafter, the IRA waged a guerrilla campaign against British rule in Ireland in the 1919-1921 Irish War of Independence.</p>
 
<nowiki> </nowiki>As the UK was preoccupied with WWI, which led to economic collapse and heavy casualties, the UK had few options in combating the Irish. War World I also created fears that the UK would launch a mass conscription to continue the desperate war, and would focus this draft on the Irish.
   
 
Following the signing in 1921 of the Anglo-Irish Treaty, which ended the War of Independence, a split occurred within both Ireland and the IRA. A free state was established in the predominately Catholic area while the mostly Protestant north-east choose to remain in the UK. IRA members who supported the treaty formed the nucleus of the Irish National Army founded by the IRA leader Michael Collins. However, much of the IRA was opposed to the treaty for allowing the UK to keep Ulster. The anti-treaty IRA fought a civil war with their former comrades in 1922-1923, with the intention of creating a fully independent United Republic of Ireland. Having lost the civil war, this anti-treaty group remained relatively dormant yet still determined, with the intention of overthrowing both the Irish Free State and Northern Ireland and achieving the Irish Republic proclaimed in 1916.
As the UK was preoccupied with WWI, which led to economic collapse and heavy casualties, the UK had few options in combating the Irish. War World I also created fears that the UK would launch a mass conscription to continue the desperate war, and would focus this draft on the Irish.
 
 
Following the signing in 1921 of the Anglo-Irish Treaty, which ended the War of Independence, a split occurred within both Ireland and the IRA. A free state was established in the predominately Catholic area while the mostly Protestant north-east choose to remain in the UK. IRA members who supported the treaty formed the nucleus of the Irish National Army founded by the IRA leader Michael Collins. However, much of the IRA was opposed to the treaty for allowing the UK to keep Ulster.
 
 
British WWI Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet became a security adviser to the North Ireland government, but was assassinated by the anti-treaty IRA on 22 June 1922; becoming a major factor in sparking the civil war. Michael Collins would also be assassinated shortly after this civil war began on 22 August 1922; further intensifying tensions and violence.
 
 
The anti-treaty IRA fought a civil war with their former comrades in 28 June 1922 – 24 May 1923, with the intention of creating a fully independent United Republic of Ireland. Having lost the civil war, this anti-treaty group remained relatively dormant yet still determined, with the intention of overthrowing both the Irish Free State and Northern Ireland and achieving the Irish Republic proclaimed in 1916.
 
   
 
In 1923, Ireland officially gained independence from Great Britain, but Northern Ireland was still controlled by the UK.
 
In 1923, Ireland officially gained independence from Great Britain, but Northern Ireland was still controlled by the UK.
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